Sunday 10 June, 1700–2200
1700-2200 Registration
1900-2200 Welcome reception, Host: Arendal kommune
Monday 11 June, 0800–1810
0800-0900 Registration
0900-0920 Opening ceremony
0920-0930 Opening by the Minister of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs,
Ms Helga Pedersen
0930-1010 Introductory lecture by Peter Ricketts (Canada)
- State of Fear or State of Oblivion? What coastal zones are telling us about global change and why we need integrated ocean and coastal management on a global scale?
1010-1030 Coffee break
Theme 1: Coastal habitats
Chair: Beatriz Morales-Nin (Spain) – Co-Chair: Hein Rune Skjoldal (Norway)
1030-1100 Key note speaker: Joaquin Tintore (Spain) - Science based integrated coastal zone management in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean)
1100-1115 K. Haddadi Mogahaddam (Iran) - Study on food composition of the sturgeons in the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea
1115-1130 Sigurd Heiberg Espeland, Jakob Gjøsæter, Esben Moland Olsen, Halvor Knutsen, Nils Chr. Stenseth (Norway) - Following the movement of cod (Gadus morhua): a hundred years perspective on the Norwegian Skagerrak coast
1130-1145 Fritjof Moy (Norway) - Large-scale shift in sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) vegetation and implications for integrated coastal zone management
1145-1200 Torjan Bodvin, Jan Atle Knutsen, Jacob Gjøsæter, Halvor Knutsen and Øystein Paulsen (Norway) - Valuation of sea grass beds on the coast of Southern Norway
1200-1215 Hartvig Christie, Stein Fredriksen, Patrik Kraufvelin and Kjell Magnus Norderhaug (Norway) - Macrophytes as habitats and ecosystems
1215-1230 General discussion
1230-1430 Lunch
Chair: Josianne Støttrup (Denmark) – Co-Chair: Jan Aure (Norway)
1430-1445 Franz Uiblein and Kim Byung-Jik (Norway) - Goatfishes (Mullidae): a model indicator group for tropical and temperate coastal habitat management?
1445-1500 Ana Gordoa (Spain) - The monitoring of recreational fishing tournaments: a monitoring tool for littoral assessment
1500-1515 Esben Moland Olsen, Halvor Knutsen, Jakob Gjøsæter,
Per Erik Jorde and Nils Chr. Stenseth (Norway) - Adaptive diversity in coastal habitats: maturation patterns indicative of locally evolved life histories in coastal cod
1515-1530 Bettina Riedel, Michael Stachowitsch and Martin Zuschin (Austria) - Benthic organisms: indicators for oxygen crises and coastal ecosystem status
1530-1545 Discussion
1545-1615 Coffee break
1615-1630 Trine Bekkby, Eli Rinde, Lars Erikstad, Vegar Bakkestuen, Oddvar Longva, Ellen Soldal and Martin Isæus (Norway) - Predictive probability modelling of marine habitats - a case study from the West coast of Norway
1630-1645 Abbas Jafary, Fatemeh Askarian and Armin Kousha (Iran) - Investigation on ecological aspects of human manipulation in southern Caspian Sea coastal area
1645-1700 C.N. Pandey and Dishant Parasharya (India) - Status, Conservation and Management of Coral reefs in Gulf of Kutch, India
1700-1715 Benedict Balderrama (Philippines) - Learnings on Community-Based Mangrove Conservation and Rehabilitation in the Philippines
1715-1730 K. Dahl, P. Dolmer, J.G. Støttrup, S. Helmig and C. Stenberg (Denmark) - Coastal hard bottom habitats in the inner Danish waters.
1730-1745 General discussion
1930-2130 Reception at the Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen
Tuesday 12 June, 0900–1900
Theme 2: Impacts on coastal systems
Chair: Einar Dahl (Norway) – Co-Chair: Else Torstensen (Norway)
0900-0930 Key note speaker: Alan Pickaver (EUCC) - EU Indicators to monitor the progress in ICZM
0930-0945 N.A. Hvidsten, B. Finstad, F. Kroglund, B.O. Johnsen, R. Strand and J.V. Arnekleiv (Norway) - Does increased abundance of salmon lice influence survival of wild Atlantic salmon post-smolt?
0945-1000 M.M. Hossain, M.M. Islam and M.H. Islam (Bangladesh) - Water quality and other threats and stressors influences the coral ecosystem in St. Martin's Island, Bay of Bengal
1000-1015 Discussion
1015-1045 Coffee break
1045-1100 G.G. Thorarinsdóttir, S.A. Ragnarsson, K. Gunnarsson and E. Guijarro Garcia (Iceland) - The effects of hydrolic clam dredging on soft bottom communities
1100-1115 Ingebrigt Uglem, Tim Dempster, Pablo Sanchez-Jerez, Pål Arne Bjørn and Bengt Finstad (Norway) - Ecological impacts of aquaculture in coastal systems
1115-1130 Kristoffer Næs (Norway) - Contaminant modelling as a decision support tool in coastal zone management
1130-1145 Elena Romano, Luisa Bergamin, Maria Grazia Finoia, Maria Celia Magno, Antonella Ausili and Massimo Gabellini (Italy) - Environmental characterisation in the Augusta harbour (Sicily, Italy) using benthic foraminifera: the effects of human impact on benthic environment
1145-1200 Discussion
1200-1330 Lunch
Chair: Kari Nygaard (Norway) – Co-Chair: Joe Arbour (Canada)
1330-1400 Key note speaker: Josianne Støttrup (Denmark) - The challenge of establishing sustainable utilization of our coastal resources
1400-1415 A.-L. Agnalt, Ø. Strand, E.S. Grefsrud, T. Strohmeier and K.E. Jørstad (Norway) - Sea ranching in Norway – impact on coastal systems?
1415-1430 Sven Kerwath, Tor Næsje, Colin Attwood, Eva Thorstad, Felicia Keulder and Paul Cowley (Norway) - The effect of fish movement behaviour on conservation and fisheries management: Case studies from South Africa
1430-1445 Colin Attwood, Felicia Keulder, Tor F. Næsje, Sven Kerwath, Paul D. Cowley (Norway) - Management of fisheries in South Africa’s largest lagoon, the Saldanha Bay, and possible effects on local fish stocks
1445-1500 Merle Looring (Estonia) - The population density and urbani-sation at the North-East of Baltic Sea, the time-spatial analysis
1500-1515 Discussion
1515-1545 Coffee break
1545-1600 Joseph Sebastian Paimpillil, K.K. Balachandran and T. Joseph (India) - Groundwater-Borne Nutrient Transport and Productivity Boosting in Coastal waters
1600-1615 Elisabeth Alve (Norway) - Searching for the European Water Framework Directive’s “reference conditions”
1615-1630 Claudio F. Szlafsztein and Suene C. Corrêa (Brazil) - Protected areas as a measure to reduce coastal zones vulnerability in the Amazon region, State of Pará, Brazil
1630-1645 Kari Nygaard, Eli Rinde, Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Eivind Oug, Brage Rygg, Martin Isæus and Trine Bekkby (Norway) - Mapping and surveillance of vulnerable coastal habitats – an important tool in coastal zone management and planning
1645-1700 Discussion
1700-1900 POSTER SESSION
Tuesday 12 June, 1700–1900 – Poster Session
Theme 1: Coastal habitats
Henning Steen (Norway): Growth and reproduction of sugar-kelp on the Skagerrak coast of Norway in 2005/2006
Roald Sætre (Norway) - Presentation of the recently published book "The Norwegian Coastal Current - Oceanography and Climate
Filipa S. B. F. Oliveira, Catarina I. C. Vargas and Alexandre B. Coli (Portugal) - Evaluating the geomorphologic stability of an estuarine sandy beach
Melati Ferianita-Fachrul, Herman Haeruman, Ria Anggraini and Listari C. Sitepu (Indonesia) - The effect of water quality disturbances on phytoplankton communities in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
I Huse, H. Godøy, A. Borge and K.H. Nedreaas (Norway) - The Norwegian Coastal Reference fleet: a trust-based co-operation between fishermen and scientists for multiple objectives
Viktor K. Nezdoliy and Nguyen Duy Toan (Vietnam) - The Cai River as a component of the ecosystem of the Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea
Jun Shoji and Chiaki Fujiki (Japan) - Evaluation of sea-grass and macro-algae habitats as fish nursery based on fish production, species diversity and function as predation refuge
M. Parahoe and S. Naipal (Suriname) - Importance of mangroves as an integral part of CZM, case study of Suriname
Tuesday 12 June, 1700–1900 – Poster Session
Theme 2: Impacts on coastal systems
M.A.L. Siddique and J.H. Volpe (Bangladesh) - Eco-friendly sustainable shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh: A way of minimizing coastal degradation
Halvor Knutsen, Esben Moland Olsen, Lorenzo Ciannelli, Sigurd Heiberg Espeland, Jan Atle Knutsen, Jan Henrik Simonsen, Stig Skreslet and Nils Chr. Stenseth (Norway) - Egg retention in coastal Atlantic cod?
J.G. Støttrup, P. Dolmer, M. Røjbek, E. Nielsen, S. Ingvardsen, P. Sønnesen and S. R. Sørensen (Denmark) - The impact of near-shore sand nourishment on fish and benthic fauna in an exposed Danish coastline
Roomet Leiger, R. Aps, J. Kotta, I. Liiv, G. Martin, Ü. Suursaar and E. Tulk (Estonia) - Oil accident response simulation: Estonian coast of the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)
Hiromichi Mitamura, Ingebrigt Uglem, Eva B. Thorstad, Pål Arne Bjørn, Tor F. Næsje, Finn Økland, Tim Dempster and Nobuaki Arai (Norway) – Lumpsucker, Cyclopterus lumpus L., migration and implications for management
D.A. Pavlov and N.G. Emelyanova (Russia) - Induced oocyte maturation and gamete quality in three coral reef fish species with alternative reproductive strategies
Siri Aaserud Olsen, Arne Ervik, Otto Grahl-Nielsen and Tina Kutti (Norway) - Tracing the influence of fish farm organic waste in deep-water prawns (Pandalus borealis) using lipid biomarkers; a feed experiment and field studies
Jorge Ramos, David Whitmarsh, Miguel N. Santos, and Carlos C. Monteiro (Portugal) - Economic valuation of the concrete-made artificial reefs of southern Portugal
Per Dolmer, Per Sand Kristensen and Erik Hoffmann (Denmark)
- What caused the drop in the mussel stock?
Akihide Kasai, Yoshiro Kurikawa, Masahiro Ueno and Yoh Yamashita (Japan) - Formation mechanism of hypoxia in estuaries and coastal seas
Tõnis Põder, Roomet Leiger, Robert Aps, Jonne Kotta and Tiit Lukki (Estonia) - Assessment of the oil pollution related risk in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)
B. Rubio, D. Rey, A. Bernabeu, F. Vilas, P. Álvarez-Iglesias, K. Mohamed and I. León (Spain) - Natural and anthropogenic evidences from heavy metal speciation in Holocene sediments from Ría environments
Lene Buhl-Mortensen, Jan Aure and Eivind Oug (Norway) - Assessment of eutrophication effects on benthic fauna in Norwegian Skagerrak fjords
J. Aure, Ø. Strand, S.R. Erga and T. Strohmeier (Norway) - Restoration of carrying capacity of mussel farming in fjords by use of artificial upwelling
Tone Kroglund (Norway) - Seaweeds – are they good indicators for environmental stress?
Victor Øiestad and Kjell Ø. Midling (Spain) - Coastal zone sea-ranching with conditioned cod populations – now protected by the aquaculture act
A.M. Bernabeu, M. Nuez de la Fuente, B. Rubio, D. Rey, F. Vilas, C, Dominguez, J. M. Bayona and J. Albaiges (Spain) - A new perspective on the occurrence and evolution of fuel buried in the intertidal zone of beaches. The case study of 2002 Prestige’s Oil Spill
Eivind Oug (Norway) - Recreational harbours - environmental effects and implications for management
Tachanat Bhatrasataponkul (Thailand) - Coastal Erosion and Sediment Transport along the Chanthaburi Coastline, Thailand
Pia Kupka Hansen, Øyvind Strand and Tore Strohmeyer (Norway) - Impact of mussel farming on a shallow site
Eirik Mikkelsen (Norway) - Aquaculture-fisheries interactions
Beatriz Morales-Nin (Spain) - Response to accidental oil spills: The Prestige case
Beatriz Morales-Nin, MªPilar Tugores, Joan Moranta, David March and A.M. Grau (Spain) - Assessment on recreational fisheries effort allocation in a Mediterranean Island
Nibedita Mukherjee, B. Muthuraman and Dr. Kartik Shanker (India) - Bioshields and ecological Restoration in Tsunami-affected areas in India
Durán R., Diez R., Álvarez-Iglesias P, Mendez G., García-Gil S. and Vilas F. (Spain) - Anthropogenic impact in a ría environment; Effects of mussel growing, fisheries and waste disposal
Tuesday 12 June, 1700–1900 – Poster Session
Theme 3: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
John Nurifdinsyah and Melati Ferianita Fachrul (Indonesia) - Management of coastal environment through integrated and sustainable coastal area utilization approach (Case Study in Padang Coastal Area –West Sumatra)
Pedro Walfir Souza-Filho, Luci Cajueiro C. Pereira, Rauquirio A.A. Marinho Costa, Jose Souto Rosa-Filho and Alexandre C. Carmo (Brazil) - Understanding macrotidal sandy beach environments: Challenges to intergrated management in the Amazon coast
Jan Atle Knutsen, Even Moland, Alf Ring Petersen and Kari Grundvig (Norway) - The process towards establishment of lobster reserves in southern Norway
Thorsten Albers and Nicole von Lieberman (Germany) - Managing the risks of coastal erosion and flooding at the German North Sea island Amrum – A case study
Yoh Yamashita, Masahiro Ueno and Akihide Kasai (Japan) - Causes of the decrease of coastal fishery stocks in Japan, examination from ecological links from forests to coastal waters
Bruce Hackett (Norway) - Information and Decision Support Systems for the Norwegian Coastal Environment
Ngoc Quach Thi Khanh, Ola Flaaten and Kim Anh Nguyen Thi (Norway) - Technical Efficiency of Otter Trawlers Three years After Establishment of Nha Trang Bay Marine Protected Area, Vietnam
Milen Penerliev (Bulgaria) - The Bulgarian Coastal Zone - Analysis of the area of development using the cluster methods
Victor Øiestad and Trond Bjørndal (Spain) - Industrial parks for aquaculture – a stronghold for regional development in the coastal zone
Arne Tesli and Håkon Kryvi (Norway) - Challenges linked to the introduction of Integrated coastal zone management at District level in Indonesia
Miwa Sakamoto, Masahiro Ueno, Yoh Yamashita (Japan) - Life history and habitat conservation of an amphidromous shrimp in Japan
Eli Rinde, Ole Christensen, Valerie Belec, Brage Rygg, Trine Bekkby, Mats Walday, Tomas Lundälv, Genoveva Gonzales-Mirelis, John Arthur Berge and Aud Helland (Norway) - Habitat modelling as a tool for mapping marine biological assets, exemplified through an impact assessment study for the suggested marine protected area at Hvaler, southeast Norway
Shadananan Nair (India) - Integrated Coastal Zone Management in India - New Challenges
Joan O'Brien and Shayne McDonald (Canada) - Miawpukek First Nation, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Integrated Coastal Zone Management: Working together for Conservation and Sustainability
Morten Edvardsen (Norway) - Sørlandet, the Norwegian Riviera. State of art after 60 years of coastal zone development controls
John Tychsen and Ole Geertz-Hansen (Denmark) - Environmental Sensitivity Atlas of the Coastal Area of Kenya – A Decision Tool in Combating Oil Spills
Oisin Naughton, Rosa Chapela and Kari H. Bachke Andresen (Irland) - Use of Marine Thematic Maps for Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Qisheng Tang and Xianyong Zhao (China) - The China-GLOBEC Programme “Key Processes and Sustainable Mechanisms of Ecosystem Food Production in the Coastal Seas of China”- A brief introduction
Claus R. Sparrevohn, Hanne Nicolajsen and Josianne G. Støttrup (Denmark) - Mobilizing recreational fishers knowledge for CZM
Tuesday 12 June, 1700–1900 – Poster Session
Theme 4: Coastal governance
Melissa Nursey-Bray (Australia) - Climate Change, Coastal Communities and Governance: Developing solutions for change, Australia
Maria Rebecca Campos (Philippines) - Are There Bigger Fish to Fry
Jörn Kohlus, Carsten Heidmann, Rainer Lehfeldt and Hans-Christian Reimers (Germany) - The North- and Baltic Sea information system (NOKIS) – Data retrieval and usage
Lala Ranaivomamana (Madagascar) - Identifications of the conditions for the appropriation by the population of an integrated Management of the ecosystems: Case of the Toliara’s Large Reef
Antje Bruns (Germany) - Communication mechanisms in River Basin Management (RBM) – (What) Can we learn from RBM for ICZM?
Maria D. Herrera (USA) - Coastal Management in the Delta of Estero Real (Nicaragua)
Rafael Sardá, Eduardo Ariza and Jose A. Jiménez (Spain) - Towards the Sustainable Use of Beach Ecosystems
Carlos Coelho, Maria-José Granjo and Cristina Segurado-Silva (Portugal) - Map of Coastal Zone Vulnerabilities to Wave Actions - Application to Aveiro District (Portugal)
Maria Rebecca Campos (Philippines) - Institutional Arrangements in Coastal Communities in the Philippines
Karen Wild-Allen (Australia) - Use of a coastal biogeochemical model to design an environmental monitoring program
Simone V. de Souza and Cedric Gondro (Australia) - An S-Systems Bioeconomic Model for the Northern Prawn Fishery in Australia
Victoria Judith Isaac, José Milton Andriguetto-Filho, Agnaldo Silva Martins, Jorge Pablo Castello, Zafira da Silva de Almeida, Manuel Haimovici, Rosângela Lessa and Patricia Sfair Sunye (Brazil) - Sustainability assessment of Brazilian marine fishing production systems
D. Poignonec, J. Ferraris, S. Sarramegna, C. Largouët and G. Fontenelle (France) - Cognitive mapping: a relevant way to incorporate local knowledge into coastal governance in a South Pacific coral reef lagoon
E. Dahl, J.M.C. Arff, E. Gustad, M. Hestdal, T. Johnsen, G.S. Larsen, E. Lømsland, L.J. Naustvoll and K. Tangen (Norway) - Monitoring of phytoplankton as a tool in ICZM
K. Tangen and J.M.C. Arff (Norway) - Operational monitoring and forecasting of environmental risks in fish farming in Norway
Elisabet Roca and Miriam Villares (Spain) - Towards a participative approach in tourist coastal areas. A cluster analysis of beach users’ perceptions
Ilse Simoens, Jan Breine, Hanz Niemeyer,Mike Elliott, Harald Marencic, Paul de Graaf, Frank Zijp (Belgium) - Harmonization of management strategies for estuaries and coastal waters in the North Sea Region
Wednesday 13 June, 0900–1800
Theme 3: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
Chair: Denis Bailly (France) – Co-Chair: Eva Degre (Norway)
0900-0930 Key note speaker: Svein Jentoft (Norway) - Future challenges in Environmental Policy relative to ICZM
0930-0945 Mangalika Wickramanayake (Sri Lanka) - Management of Environmental Resources within the Coastal Zone - Sri Lanka
0945-1000 CANCELED
1000-1015 Ryoji Naito and Yoshiyuki Nakamura (Japan) - Study on beneficial use of dredged material in Japan
1015-1030 Discussion
1030-1100 Coffee break
1100-1115 Praulai Nootmorn and Withaya Panthakit (Thailand) - Fisheries Co-management Experiences in Thailand
1115-1130 Matthew Watts, Carissa Klein, Romola Stewart and Hugh Possingham (Australia) - Integrated planning framework and decision support methods for biodiversity conservation and sustainable natural resource management in the coastal zone
1130-1145 Robin S. McCall and Talia A. Choy (Guyana) - Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Guyana: development barriers, opportunities and recommendations
1145-1200 Saiful Karim (Singapore) - Legal framework for integrated coastal zone management
1200-1215 Andreas Kannen and Katharina Licht-Eggert (Germany) - Socio-economic impacts of sea use change in the German North Sea: A scenario based assessment in the context of regional development
1215-1230 Discussion
1230-1400 Lunch
Chair: Elinor Ostrom (USA) – Co-Chair: Arild Vatne (Norway)
1400-1430 Key note speaker: Hein R. Skjoldal (Norway) - Establishment of the Norwegian MPAs
1430-1445 CANCELED
1445-1500 Louis Celliers, D.R. Colenbrander and T-L. Duthie (South Africa) - Progress towards integrated coastal management in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: is the harvest ready?
1500-1515 Wen-Yan Chiau (Taiwan) - Integrated Ocean and Coastal Management in Taiwan: Recent Initiatives and Challenges
1515-1530 Stojanovic, T.A. and Ballinger, R.C. (UK) - An overview of ICM Initiatives in the UK: Local Responses to Coastal Issues
1530-1545 Sophie Bastien-Daigle, Jean-Paul Vanderlinden and Omer Chouinard (Canada) - Learning the ropes: lessons in integrated management of coastal resources in Canada’s Maritime Provinces
1545-1600 Discussion
1600-1630 Coffee break
1630-1645 Ivan Katavic, Håkon Kryvi, N. Skakelja, V. Franicevic, P. White and T-J. Herstad (Norway) - Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Croatia with particular focus on Marine Aquaculture
1645-1700 Kira Gee and Katharina Licht (Germany) - Towards a constructive dialogue? Assessing stakeholder positions on offshore wind farms in Germany
1700-1715 Gerald Schernewski, Thomas Neumann and Horst Behrendt (Germany) - Linking watersheds and the coastal zone: Eutrophication management in past, present and future
1715-1730 Jean Louis Gaignon, Luce Goudedranche, Jacques Denis, Thierry Laugier and Jean Prou (France) - The status of the scientific actor in ICZM process
1730-1745 Dietmar Kraft, Oliver Lichte and Susanne Adam (Germany) - Information and Participation by Information and Decision Support Systems (iDSS)
1745-1800 Discussion
2000 Banquet
Thursday 14 June, 0900–1730
Theme 4: Coastal governance
Chair: Stephen B. Olsen (USA) – Co-Chair: Victoria Isaac (Brazil)
0900-0930 CANCELED
0930-0945 Yves Henocque and Sanchai Tandavanitj (Thailand) - Five years of adaptive management in a fast pace changing context: the CHARM project in Thailand
0945-1000 Knut Bjørn Stokke and Sissel Hovik (Norway) - Municipal coastal zone planning in Norway – integration through collaboration and participation
1000-1015 Discussion
1015-1045 Coffee break
1045-1100 Lucia M. Fanning, Robin Mahon and Patrick McConney (Barbados) - A governance framework for large marine ecosystems
1100-1115 Audun Sandberg (Norway) - Science Choice and Social Choice
1115-1130 John Kiousopoulos and George-Konstantine Lagkas (Greece) - New (geo) indicators as contribution to the coastal information needs for successful governance
1130-1145 Hommes, S., Otter, H.S., Mulder, J.P.M. and Hulscher, S.J.M.H. (The Netherlands) - Assisting decision-makers in complex water issues – A case study: Rotterdam Mainport, The Netherlands
1145-1200 Discussion
1200-1330 Lunch
Chair: Peter Ricketts (Canada) – Co-Chair: Larus T. Kristjansson (Norway)
1330-1400 Key note speaker: Elinor Ostrom (USA) – Beyond Panaceas: Understanding the Role of Context in Affecting Institutional Choice and Performance
1400-1415 Stephen Bloye Olsen (USA) - Management or Governance, Environment or Ecosystem; What are the Differences and Does It Matter?
1415-1430 Smith, T. F., Brooke, C., Preston, B., Gorddard, R., Abbs, D., McInnes, K. Withycombe, G. and Morrison, C. (Australia) - Managing Coastal Vulnerability: New Solutions for Local Government
1430-1445 Joseph Arbour (Canada) - The Evolution of Governance Mechanisms for the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative
1445-1500 Discussion
1500-1530 Coffee break
1530-1630 Summing up by Session Chairmen; Synthesis and future directions
1630-1645 Awards - closing remarks